Knowledge base

In just the past few years, advances in UV LED technology has been able to provide peak output powers commensurate with and greatly exceeding microwave lamps. Thus, the well-known benefits of an LED-based UV curing system (instant on-off, Hg free, longer life, lower cost of ownership, etc…) may be fully realized. However, the proper combination of

Formulation modification has enabled the use of an increasing number of UV LED curable adhesives, inks, and coatings for commercial applications.  Among the available formulations, the variation in curing performance is quite large and surface cure remains the biggest challenge to overcome with LED curing.  The curing performance, specifi

UV LED is becoming more important in various application fields due to the low energy consumption, the lower heat generation and the flexibility in equipment design. However, as a consequence of the lower energy output and the emission in a narrow bandwidth around 395nm, classical formulations are not showing the same performance as when they are c

Photochemical generation of free radicals and acids is a widely used process in photopolymerization reactions. Recently, photobase generators (PBG) systems have emerged as new source of initiating species allowing the catalysis of different reactions (thiol-Michael, thiol-isocyanate, thiol-epoxy…). In this study, a photoinitiating system composed o

Epoxy resins are widely used in coatings, adhesives and casting compounds. Common curing techniques for epoxy resins involve the addition of anhydride or amine based hardeners and thermal curing of the formulation. A different approach is the so called radical induced cationic frontal polymerization (RICFP) in which a cationic photoinitiator (photo

The aim of this work was to study the polymerization reactions of hybrid systems (polymerizing by free radical and cationic polymerization simultaneously) and to compare them with systems polymerizing by only free radical or cationic polymerization. Hybrid systems were prepared from free radical photoinitiator Darocure 1173, cationic photoinitiator

For large scale industrial processing the use of water as green solvent, and the application of energy efficient process techniques is of high interest for polymer synthesis. Frontal polymerization in aqueous formulations, fits perfectly both requirements. In frontal polymerization a one time energy input is used to start a process in which the hea

The Michael addition reaction is a versatile methodology for the efficient coupling of electron poor olefins with a multitude of nucleophiles. Such reaction has been identified to fulfill criteria of a “click” reaction: high yielding, simple to perform, can be conducted in easily removable or benign solvents... Taking into account the advantages of