Dosimeter overview and the use of D, for Calibration

Irradiation with low-energy electrons (75 – 300 keV) results in dose gradients across the thickness of the dosimeters that are typically used for dose measurement at these energies. This leads to different doses being measured with different dosimeter thicknesses irradiated at the same energy, resulting in difficulties in providing traceable dose measurements using reference dosimeters. This paper will discuss different dosimeter systems and how to use the Dμ to calibrate and measure doses from low energy electron irradiations with measurement traceability to national standards.